Appendix N - Equipment

				Eco Sanitation Systems http://www.eco-solutions.org/ Technology for rural areas and fishing communities

Low cost fertilizer factory.

			Need a Solution to High Water Table Sanitation? Need Tsunami-Resistant Toilets ? The Answer to these problems and more, is here! Use the original ecopan from eco-solutions A urine-diverting toilet pan for ecological toilets in any setting, but especially useful in areas of: • High water table • Flooding • Water scarcity • Lack of sewerage • Rocky or mountainous terrain • River and lakeside habitation • Ideal for Dehydrating and Composting Toilets • Ecological Sanitation Ecosan is an approach to sanitation that: prevents pollution, minimises water use, sanitises excreta and recycles excreta as a valuable resource; The advantages are as follows: • Saves water • Protects water • Protects health • Improves soil quality • Improves biomass and food production. Advantages of the ecopan • Quick and Easy eco-toilet building • Simplifies construction • Fool-proof training system for builders / masons • Easy flow and draining of urine and washwater • Non staining defecating holes • Attractive high quality finish • Clean and Tidy all the time • Owners are proud of their toilet Are you polluting the ground water or a river? Is water too precious to flush? Better use a Dry Composting Toilet or Dehydrating Toilet ! Dry Composting Toilet The original ecological toilet pan from eco-solutions. Order your ecopans from: Sustainable Technologies in the Community 49 Asan Nagar, Vallakkadavu, Trivandrum- 695008, Kerala, India. ecopans@eco-solutions.org Call: 0471 2502622, 094477 62473 ecosan - ecopan RURAL or URBAN this is the solution to pollution ! www.eco-solutions.org eco-solutions is an initiative for Ecological Sanitation, Environmental Restoration and Appropriate Technologies in Urban and Rural Habitats eco-solutions is also a UNDP resource centre for ecosan in South Asia Also Available from eco-solutions: An Awareness Raising Tool: Ecological Solutions to Flush Toilet Failures, (Rs-300 in India) A Building Manual: Toilets for Waterlogged, Water-Scarce and Rocky Areas, (Rs-300 in India) WE OFFER: PRACTICAL HANDS-ON TRAINING; ECOSAN AWARENESS AND ORIENTATION; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; and more!

Poorly built septic tank/leach drains contaminate ground water and wells.

No waste enters the water table. Any over flow from the urine planter bed is sterile.

			KickStart Pumps http://www.approtec.org/tech_irrigate.shtml

			The Super-MoneyMaker Pump The Super-MoneyMaker Pressure Pump was launched in October 1998, in response to a demand by farmers for a pump that can push water uphill as well as simply pulling it up from the source. This means it is suitable for use on steeply sloping land where the water source may be at the bottom. Thousands use it to pump water from hand-dug wells, rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. It is ideal for sprinkler irrigation, filling overhead water tanks, or for use with nozzles and sprays attached to the end of the delivery hose. This powerful pump can draw water up from 23 feet (7m) and has a total pumping head of 46 feet (14m). It can be used to irrigate up to 2 acres of land. As of April 15th, 2005, The Super-MoneyMaker retails in Kenya for 6,990 KSh ($90). The MoneyMaker-Plus Pump Due to the demand for an even lower cost pressure irrigation pump KickStart designed and launched the MoneyMaker-Plus pump in July 2001. This new very small leg operated pump has only one piston and one cylinder but can still pull water from 23 feet (7m) deep, has a total pumping head of over 69 feet (21m) and can be used to irrigate as much as 1.5 acres of land. As of April 15th, 2005, The MoneyMaker-Plus retails in Kenya for 3,990 KSh. ($52)

			ECOSAN Waterless Toilets http://myweb.absa.co.za/ernstt/product_info.html Technology for supply in urban areas

ECOSAN WATERLESS TOILET - PRODUCT INFORMATION

What is a waterless / water free toilet system?
A sanitation system that does not require any water to function. Not only does it save on water use, but it is entirely isolated from the surrounding environment and cannot contaminate underground water resources.
How can sanitation work without water ?
The system utilises a natural biological process to break down human waste into a dehydrated odourless compost-like material.
How does it work ?
We receive many questions about the toilets, of which " How does it work " is the most frequently asked . The following is a brief description of the ECOSAN toilet concept as well as it's main features.
The human excrement falls down a vertical chute (2) and into one end of a specially designed helical screw conveyor (3). Every time the toilet lid (1) is lifted, a mechanism rotates the conveyor. With each rotation the human excrement slowly moves along, taking approximately twenty five days before falling into a reusable collection bag (4). It takes six months for the bag to fill with dry and odourless waste.
Through the uniquely designed ventilation pipe (5), adequate airflow is provided for the dehydration / evaporation, deodorising process. Human excrement consists of roughly 95% moisture. As the solids dry in the conveyer the urine and moisture is vented into the atmosphere. The solid waste then dries into a compost-like material, roughly 5 - 10% of it's original mass.
The dry waste is manageable and can be processed in the following ways.
• Use it in the making of compost
• Dispose of it by using municipal waste services
• Use it as a source of fuel
Large objects like beverage cans, disposable nappies or other objects accidentally dropped down the chute will not block the system, It is however not advisable to do this

Features
• No plumbing required
• No drains
• No pipes
• Waterfree
• Low odour levels
• Chemical free
• Relatively light and easy to install
Product extras
Toilet hut ( optional )
When a toilet is to be installed outside a home, we can supply a toilet hut that has been designed especially for the ECOSAN toilet system. The toilet can however be installed using any toilet hut structure.

Urinal ( Standard )
Each toilet comes standard with a urinal which is wall mountable either in a existing home or inside a toilet hut.
Other models
Asian model
This version was developed for countries where toilets differ from the toilets used in other countries. In place of the traditional european type toilet bowl this model has a seat on floor level. Otherwise the basic workings of the toilet is exactly the same as our other toilets.

			Solar Powered LED Lighting http://www.suryabijlee.com/solution.htm

			Solar Energy and Technology Combining the Sun’s Energy with modern Technology has now provided mankind with solutions to the above problem. We try to change the villager’s useful hours after sunset by providing him Lights powered by Solar Energy. This Digital based Lighting is Non-polluting and eliminates the carbon dioxide being emitted from rural homes. Solar is convenient. Of all the Renewable Energy sources available solar has been chosen as the primary source of energy charging, due to ease of operation, universal availability and drop in costs of systems over the years. When the energy systems are decentralized to the home level, solar becomes the only viable option.   Apart from being convenient and cost effective, India is blest with plenty of sunshine................  Solar Energy is Free, Renewable and in abundance in India......  India receives 300 clear sunny days in the year. This is equivalent to 5000 trillion kwh year. This is more than the energy consumption annually Digital Low Energy Lighting  Technology has provided us the second part of the Solution in the form of High Efficiency Low Energy Light Emittng Diodes (LED) Technology and also in the form of Thin Film Solar Solutions which can power these Lighting Systems even in cloudy weather situations. LAMP : White LED based Cluster ( 21 LED's) Lamps (2 Nos) with a 5 Watt Solar Photovoltaic Panel alongwith a Charge Controller and Battery Temperature Compensation Built In Circuit for the Sealed Lead Acid Battery @ 12 Volts - 7.6 Ah Capacity. Description Luminosity : Sufficient to Light up a Village Home of Size : Floor Area :150 sq.feet area and 8 feet height. Light Intensity : approximately 6 - 8 Lumens at the corners of the room after dispersion. Life Cycle of Product : Guaranteed for a minimum Period of 2 years for the Battery and 5 years for the LED Lamp provided all standard operating measures are adhered to. Benefits : - Provides sufficient Light to be able to do all the household chores in a reasonably comfortable manner with respect to Lighting intensity. - Availability of Light for about 4 hours everyday. - Eliminates reliance on Candles or Kerosene Lamps/Lanterns whilst saving on Environmental Degradation and minimum monthly expense of about USD 2.00. Cost of Lighting : Free other than the Initial Investment of about USD 45.00 Village Street Lighting (ideal for tsunami evacuation paths) Description Street Lights : This is a dusk to dawn LED based Cluster Lamp having over 100 White LED's . Each Lamp is just 7 watts and provides over 500 Lumens of Lighting Lamp Basics : Each Lamp has a 15 watts Amorphous Silicon Panel with a 70 Ah battery and 10 Amps Charge Controller No. of Hours Operation per day : 8 hours Approx. Cost of Complete set : USD 350

				Light Up the World organization - http://www.lutw.org

			Illuminating Lives: Benefits of WLED Lighting .................................................................... The impetus for starting LUTW was to improve health and promote lliteracy especially among women and children using light. It is our belief that using light encourages human development and facilitates peace. The efficiency of fuel based light production is very low. The result is a substantial amount of fuel used with poor lighting received in return. Fuel based lighting is often inadequate to conduct classroom instruction after daylight hours. When a home is properly illuminated at night, the beginnings of education take seed. Micro enterprise development is a fundamental component of LUTW’s philosophy and approach. LUTW's long term goal is to facilitate the set up of sustainable local enterprises to install, maintain, train and market these systems. BENEFITS OF WLED LIGHTING SYSTEMS  Safe and Reliable Lighting Ultra-long Life (estimated life of 100,000 hours) • This represents over 40 years at 6 hours per night. Maintenance requirements are drastically reduced, leading to a fundamental change in design. Life expectancy is unaffected by switching cycles and 100% output occurs with 10 nanoseconds. • Durable, and portable - WLEDs are ideally suited to the harsh conditions that can exist in the developing world. With no delicate glass or filaments, LEDs can withstand severe shock and vibration - a common cause of premature failure with traditional light sources. Energy Efficeint Ultra-low Power Consumption • WLEDs use 5% of the energy of a regular incandescent bulb. An entire rural village can be lit with less energy than that used by a single conventional 100-Watt light bulb. Cost Effective • A LUTW Lighting system has a one time cost and can be cost effective in as little as one year. Previous kerosene costs can now be used for food, medicine, tools, etc. • A villager using 1 liter of kerosene per week ($0.5 - $1) pays approximately $52 a year. In two years the same villager can pay off the cost of a WLED lighting system that has a life span of 10-20 years. • Implementation of WLED lighting is more practical than the development of centralized power generation for electric lighting in remote areas; where transmission and distribution are very expensive, and system efficiencies are low. • Supplies of kerosene are subject to restrictions and the price can escalate several-fold as villagers must often buy from black marketeers. • In Nepal, women often must often trek for several days only to queue in line for several more days, kerosene can reach levels of 100 NRp/liter; if it is available at all. In times when kerosene is unavailable or not affordable, women must resort to burning dung or forage for scarce firewood as a fuel and lighting source. Environmental Conservation Denuding the Landscape • Denuding the landscape in search of wood fuel for lighting is recognized as a primary environmental problem in the developing world and is responsible for habitat loss, mudslides, loss of forest production, soil erosion and water pollution. Reduces the number of D-cell Batteries Disposed • The use of WLEDs in place of the conventional incandescent flashlight bulb can reduce the number of dry-cell batteries thrown away by an order of magnitude and the further use of rechargeable batteries together with the use of WLEDs can decrease the throw away numbers to a few tens of thousands. • The reduction of dry-cell batteries disposed into environment reduces the amount of heavy metals released into the local environment. (In Nepal, a country with over 24 million people, literally hundreds of millions of non-rechargeable batteries are discarded directly into the environment each year. The resulting pollution to streams, groundwater and fields threatens to be immense). • The extended lifetime of rechargeable batteries can dramatically reduce the cumulative burden on the environment - even if they are not recycled! Rechargeable batteries in torches have also been shown to save the villagers money within a matter of months and also allow for village entrepreneurship with the establishing of small (women run) battery charging businesses. Reduces the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Released in the Atmosphere Every household with a WLED lighting system - could save one ton of CO2 every nine years.(Komp, 2002)

			Illuminating Lives: LUTW Solution Solid-state lighting is the lighting of the Third Millennium. The technology eclipses conventional lighting, permits independent power production and dramatically lowers energy requirements. The particular characteristics of white light emitting diodes(WLEDs): ultralow power consumption, durability, reliability and extended lifetime make the an appropriate source for lighting in both the overdeveloped and developing world. LUTW's mandate is to supply not-for-profit organizations and humanitarian initiatives with lighting system components at subsidized prices. Through volume purchasing and preferential pricing arrangements with suppliers LUTW can source components at prices below wholesale. LUTW’s lamping system is simple, rugged, and is fully independent and runs off renewable energy sources. LUTW’s systems represent a highly appropriate, "Small is Beautiful" technology with lifecycle benefits that far exceed conventional lighting sources. The high efficiency, ultra low energy demand of solid state lighting combined with its inherent durability and near permanence represents an incredible opportunity for Technology Leapfrogging.The lamps are widely used to supply off-grid year round lighting with a brightness equivalent to a 7W incandescent bulb (20 to 40 lumens), but requiring a fraction of the power. Full life economics of the entire lighting system must be taken into account when comparing Solid State Lighting (SSL) to Incandescent / Fluorescent lighting – development of power infrastructure, costs for energy transfer, maintenance, operations, safety and environmental impact. Bright WLED lamps have an estimated lifespan of over 50,000 hours. The LUTW lamp system is designed to provide light without the need for an external electricity source and is powered by a solar photovoltaic panel. The lamp system is sold in several formats: (i) as a complete system we call Light-in-the-Box, (ii) as components for volume users who may not need everything and (iii) as individual lights. Since the systems’ initial development, the technology itself has evolved significantly, and its functionality, durability, and cost are continually being improved. The hardware for an entire system (consisting of two lamps, a solar panel and a rechargeable battery) is averaging seven years. This is a fraction of the amount a household in any developing country might otherwise spend on kerosene. Features LUTW Lamps • Constant driving current (350mA) performed by pulse width modulated DC/DC converter • Protection against reverse polarization • Low Voltage Cut-Off to protect the life of the battery • Lifetime of 50 000 hours (25 years) • Constant light output (25 – 50 Lm) regardless of input voltage • Rugged housing  LUTW Lighting System Core Components A complete LUTW lighting system is made up of three core components and installation hardware. • Two Modular 1Watt Luxeon WLED lamps  • 12 Volt 7 Ah Sealed Lead Acid Battery – Rechargeable maintenance free battery  • 5 Watt Kyocera Solar Panel  (Installation Hardware- Switches and wiring are not normally included. To save money LUTW reguarly ships all of the above lighting system components directly from the manufacturer to the project site. Onsite assembly of the lighting systems is required and should be done by qualified electrical engineers or technicians. Example of various Installations Centralized Solar Systems - All the solar panels would go together and be installed at a central location e.g. a school house. 40 Watts - Solar PV. If the homes are far apart then each home would have its own small battery which would take to the central charging unit every day or two (max.) to be topped up. Distributed Solar Systems - A large village is divided up into approximately equal sectors and each sector has its own Centralized Solar system. Individual Solar - Each home has its own small solar panel of approximately 5 Watts and its own small battery. Personal Torch Lighting - Provide torches in the most cost efficient manner to those with the largest need, e.g. elderly persons.

				Fundable Burn Girls - Kerosene Lamp explosion

			Fundraising for Nias Girls with Terrible Burns [+] enlarge image This project sought a total of: $6000 with a minimum contribution of $100.00 per person Group Leader: elmaceh [no ebay profile] Access/Distribution: Web Site Added Benefits for Contributors: We will publish a special blog for donors to monitor progress with the treatment of the girls. Related Web Site: http://www.island-aid.org email this to a friend Durning our tsunami/quake relief work we met these Nias Island girl cousins. They were seriously burned in a kerosene lamp explosion while living in a tent and they will both require extensive skin grafts and a long period of rehabilitation in the US. Our volunteer based non-profit, ISLAND AID, in partnership with University Volunteers International, are focused on raising funds for airfares and living expenses for the girls and a legal guardian, Soterian's father, Handy Laia.   Background  Island Aid (North West Medical) nurse/volunteer Lisa Friesen has been investigating options to treat Enawati (13) and Soterian(10) in the US.   Lisa has worked hard over the past few months and last week she had a wonderful meeting with Shriners Hawaii. They are excited to be able to help the girls and have other Indonesian children under care. Hawaii has many advantages over mainland US for the girls. It is more tropical and being an island culture, we are confident they will feel more at home. The medical treatment will be totally free.   Now we need to raise the money to pay for the airfares living expenses for the girls and their guardian and we estimate the total needed will be $6,000 via this fundable.com effort. ISLAND AID is operated by The Electric Lamb Mission, a volunteer based, CA registered not-for-profit corporation.

				LED Breakthrough in efficiency http://www.treehugger.com/files/2005/11/white_led_break.php

			:: White LED Breakthrough: Efficiency Doubles November 20, 2005 03:32 PM - Michael G. Richard, near Ottawa It seems like the light emitting diode (LED) world is going from one breakthrough to the next. The last one was the accidental invention of warm white LEDs using quantum dots, and now a Japanese researcher at the Meijo University, professor Satoshi Kamiyama, has found a way to make white LEDs more efficient using a purple LED and a silicon carbide substrate. This new white LED has a brightness of 130 lumens per watt! "Normal incandescent light bulbs produce 15-20 lumens per watt; modern fluorescent bulbs produce between 60-110 lumens per watt; and current LED methods allow for a maximum of 60-70 lumens per watt. In short, if this is real, it's a big breakthrough." Professor Satoshi Kamiyama will establish a startup in January to manufacture and sell the LED units. He already has 40 million yen, but it is expected that other companies will want a stake in this. Thanks to reader Chris for the tip. ::White LED doubles efficiency, ::White LED Efficiency Breakthrough?, ::Brighter LED Break-Through

			75w equivalent 'Lamp Boat' Lights $7-8 each - Current Standard 24w at 120v = 200mA

			100w equivalent LED Alternative Lamp $20 each http://www.lc-led.com/View/itemNumber/261 240mA typical at 12-14 v